Trends in Higher Education


Total grant aid to undergraduate and graduate students increased from $43.4 billion (in 2008 dollars) in 1998-99 to $61.0 billion in 2003-04 and $76.4 billion in 2008-09. Almost half of the new grant dollars over the most recent five years were from colleges and universities.


Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.

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  • With the exception of institutional grant aid, all sources of grants grew more rapidly during the first half of the decade than from 2003-04 to 2008-09.
  • The average annual rate of growth of total federal grants declined from 9% between 1998-99 and 2003-04 to 3% over the next five years.
  • The average annual rate of growth of total state grants declined from 8% between 1998-99 and 2003-04 to 3% over the next five years.
  • Federal and state governments combined provided 42% of total grant aid in 1998-99 and about the same percentage a decade later. However, this percentage was as high as 47% in 2002-03.